DESCRIPTION OF INTERACTIVE

For each chemical change, identify the correct biochemical reaction: one response from the numbered group and one response from the lettered group.

First question: the digestion of sucrose. 

Alt tag: The reactant is a molecule called malate. Malate is made of a carbon connected to one hydrogen, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. The carbon is also attached to another carbon with a two hydrogens and a carboxyl group. The reaction arrow shows NAD+ entering and NADH leaving. Above the reaction arrow it is noted that malate dehydrogenase is the enzyme doing the reaction. The product is a molecule called oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is made of a carbon in a carbonyl group and connected a carboxyl group. The carbon is also attached to another carbon with two hydrogens and a carboxyl group.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  catabolism, oxidation

Next Question: the reaction of glucose with ATP.

Alt tag: The reactant is a monosaccharide molecule called glucose. The reaction arrow shows ATP, coloured red, entering and ADP leaving. Below the reaction arrow it is noted that hexokinase and Mg2+ also participate in the reaction. The product is a monosaccharide called glucose-6-phosphate. Here the C6 atom on the top has a red phosphate group.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  anabolism, phosphorylation

Next Question: The conversion of the amino acid glutamate to the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid. 

Alt tag: The reactant is an amino acid molecule called glutamate. Glutamate is made of a carboxyl group connected to a chain of four carbons. On the first carbon is connected to a hydrogen and an amino group. The second and third carbons are each connected to two hydrogens. The last carbon is a carboxyl group. The reaction arrow shows H+ entering and CO2 leaving. Below the reaction arrow it is noted that Glu decarboxylase is the enzyme doing the reaction. The product is a neurotransmitter abbreviated as GABA. GABA is made of an amino group connected to a chain of four carbons. The first three carbons each are connected to two hydrogen. The final carbon is a carboxyl group.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  catabolism, decarboxylation

Next Question: the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. 

Alt tag: The reactant is a molecule called malate. Malate is made of a carbon connected to one hydrogen, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group. The carbon is also attached to another carbon with a two hydrogens and a carboxyl group. The reaction arrow shows NAD+ entering and NADH leaving. Above the reaction arrow it is noted that malate dehydrogenase is the enzyme doing the reaction. The product is a molecule called oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is made of a carbon in a carbonyl group and connected a carboxyl group. The carbon is also attached to another carbon with two hydrogens and a carboxyl group.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  catabolism, oxidation.

Next Question: The conversion of oxygen to water (the black reaction arrows only).  

Alt tag: The reaction is shown to occur in a phospholipid bilayer and an integral membrane protein. The reactant an oxygen molecule. The reaction arrow shows 4H+ entering. The products are two water molecules.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  anabolism, reduction

Next Question: the creation of a triglyceride. 

Alt tag: The reactants are a glycerol molecule and three saturated fatty acids. There are three blue boxes around each hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups on glycerol and each OH part of the carboxyl groups on the fatty acids. The reaction arrow shows 3H2O leaving. The product is a triglyceride with three ester linkages.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER:  anabolism, dehydration synthesis.

Next Question: the conversion of dihydroxy acetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 

Alt tag: The reactant is a monosaccharide molecule called dihydroxy acetone phosphate. Here, dihydroxy acetone phosphate is a linear molecule of 3 carbons. The top carbon is connected to two hydrogens and a phosphate group. The second carbon is a red carbonyl. The last carbon is connected to two hydrogens and a blue hydroxy group. The reaction arrow shows a reversible forward-backward reaction arrow. The product is a monosaccharide called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is a linear molecule of 3 carbons. The top carbon is connected to two hydrogens and a phosphate group. The second carbon is connected to a hydrogen and a blue hydroxyl. The last carbon is a red carbonyl group connected to a hydrogen.

Numbered Group

  1. catabolism,
  2. anabolism,
  3. neither anabolism nor catabolism.

Lettered Group

  1. dehydration synthesis,
  2. hydrolysis,
  3. oxidation,
  4. reduction,
  5. phosphorylation,
  6. decarboxylation,
  7. isomerization.

ANSWER: neither anabolism nor catabolism, isomerization.